- Abstractor
- A title professional who reads recorded documents and prepares the structured data the firm uses for examination. Mesne replaces this role with software.
- Anchor party
- The party at the center of the matter (typically the purchaser on a sale, the borrower on a refinance). Used to verify the chain ends at the right person.
- Chain of title
- The sequence of conveyances showing how ownership of the property moved over time. The central argument any title commitment makes.
- Commitment
- The ALTA-form document the firm issues before closing, identifying the proposed insured, requirements to clear, exceptions that survive, and the legal description.
- Conveyance
- A transfer of title from one party to another, typically via a recorded deed.
- Deed
- The recorded instrument that conveys title. The grantor conveys to the grantee.
- Encumbrance
- Any claim, lien, or restriction on the property that affects ownership rights — mortgages, easements, covenants, judgments, restrictions.
- Grantor / Grantee
- The party conveying (grantor) and receiving (grantee) title in a deed.
- Mortgagor / Mortgagee
- The borrower granting (mortgagor) and the lender receiving (mortgagee) a security interest in the property.
- Recording
- The act of filing an instrument with the county recorder. The instrument's book and page (or instrument number) identify it uniquely within the county.
- Satisfaction
- The recorded instrument releasing a mortgage once the underlying loan is paid off.
- Schedule A
- The portion of the commitment listing what's being insured — the proposed insured, the amount, the estate, and the current vesting.
- Schedule B Part I
- The portion of the commitment listing requirements that must be satisfied at or before closing.
- Schedule B Part II
- The portion of the commitment listing exceptions to coverage — encumbrances that survive against the property (open mortgages, easements, covenants).
- Search period
- The number of years backward the firm searches for recorded documents (typically 40 years for a residential examination in most Southeastern states).